Evidence Domain

Wayfinding

What it studies

How people orient, navigate and form mental maps of environments: spatial cognition, legibility, landmarks, signage and the environmental information systems that make places parseable. Rooted in Lynch's urban legibility work and environmental cognition research.

Why it matters

In activity-based and shared workplaces, wayfinding stops being a signage afterthought and becomes operational infrastructure: people must repeatedly find settings, colleagues and their own bearings in environments without fixed anchors. Illegible workplaces tax cognition, suppress setting use and quietly defeat the mobility the concept assumed.

Questions it answers
  • Can people parse this environment: find settings, predict what's where, orient without effort?
  • Which spatial and visual cues carry navigation, and which decorate it?
  • How does legibility interact with setting choice and mobility behaviour?
  • What do digital wayfinding layers add, and what can't they substitute for?
Evidence sources
  • Environmental cognition and spatial navigation research
  • Lynch's legibility framework and successors
  • Space syntax intelligibility measures
  • Observed navigation behaviour and setting-discovery patterns
Design and policy implications

Legibility designed structurally — sight lines, landmarks, differentiated zones — before signage compensates; setting taxonomy made visually parseable so the kit explains itself; digital wayfinding integrated with booking, not layered over confusion; neurodiversity-informed predictability as a wayfinding requirement.

Related methods
Common misuse

Signage as apology: graphic design deployed to patch an illegible plan. Wayfinding failures observed post-occupancy are usually spatial-structure failures; more signs are the symptom's treatment, not the cause's.

Further research

Navigation in multi-location and hybrid patterns — people orienting in buildings they visit weekly rather than inhabit daily — is a newly relevant and thinly studied condition.