Evidence Domain

Culture

What it studies

The shared assumptions, values, norms and practices that shape how an organisation actually behaves: Schein's layered model (artefacts, espoused values, underlying assumptions), competing values frameworks (Quinn and Cameron), and the study of how culture forms, persists and resists change.

Why it matters

Culture is the medium every workplace concept lands in: it determines whether sharing models hold, whether unassigned settings get recolonised, whether presence principles operate or erode. The essential distinction the research supplies — espoused versus enacted culture — is the difference between designing for the values poster and designing for the organisation that exists.

Questions it answers
  • What is this organisation's enacted culture, beneath what it claims?
  • How does culture vary across functions and sites — and does the variance require differentiated design?
  • How far can a workplace concept lead the culture before the culture defeats it?
  • Which cultural assumptions does a proposed concept silently make?
Evidence sources
  • Organisational culture research (Schein's framework; Cameron and Quinn's Competing Values Framework)
  • Structured culture assessments measuring enacted behaviour
  • Ethnographic and observational evidence
  • The gap analyses: espoused–enacted, leadership–workforce, enacted–desired
Design and policy implications

Concepts calibrated to the enacted culture with explicit change investment covering the distance to the desired one; subcultural variance treated as a design variable; territoriality and status expression anticipated in sharing and stacking decisions; culture change sequenced with spatial change, never assumed from it.

Related methods
Common misuse

The causality inversion: expecting the workplace to produce the culture ('the new office will make us collaborative'). Space can enable and signal cultural intent; the evidence that it independently transforms underlying assumptions is weak. Culture changes through leadership, incentives and practice — space is an accomplice, not an author.

Further research

How distributed and hybrid arrangements transmit, dilute or fragment culture is among the most consequential open questions in organisational research; confident answers currently outrun the evidence.