Evidence Domain

Digital Twins

What it studies

Live digital representations of physical assets and their behaviour: models of buildings and workplaces connected to operational data streams, used for monitoring, simulation and scenario testing. The concept spans from engineering-grade building twins to lighter workplace models maintained against occupancy and booking evidence.

Why it matters

The twin concept is the infrastructural expression of the living-strategy argument: a maintained model of supply and demand that stays current with reality and supports regeneration instead of re-study. Its workplace value lies less in visual fidelity than in decision fidelity — whether the model's state is trustworthy enough to run capacity, stacking and scenario questions against.

Questions it answers
  • What model fidelity do workplace decisions actually require — and what is expensive decoration?
  • How does the model stay true: which streams update it, at what latency, with what validation?
  • Which decisions can run against the twin, and which still require fresh evidence?
  • What does model drift look like, and how is it detected?
Evidence sources
  • Digital twin research (largely engineering and manufacturing; workplace applications younger)
  • The maintained model stack: spatial, capacity and demand models against their evidence streams
  • Model-versus-reality validation records
  • BIM and building-data standards as the structural substrate
Design and policy implications

Model scope defined by decisions served, not by rendering ambition; update and validation protocols as governance requirements; the twin integrated with the assumption register so model drift and assumption drift are detected together; regeneration workflows built on the twin rather than parallel to it.

Related methods
Common misuse

Twin theatre: photorealistic 3D models marketed as digital twins while connected to nothing, updated by nobody, informing no decision. A spreadsheet maintained against live occupancy data is more of a twin than a beautiful model maintained against nothing.

Further research

Workplace-scale twins — as opposed to building-services twins — lack established validation standards; what 'trustworthy enough to decide against' means operationally is being worked out in practice.